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Extending an LVM volume: Physical volumes (partitions) -> Volume groups -> Logical volume -> Filesystem

Logical Volume Management (AKA LVM) is a powerful, robust mechanism for managing storage space.

In TurnKey 11,  instead of installing the root filesystem directly to a fixed size partition, we setup LVM by default, and install the root filesystem to a Logical Volume, which may later be expanded, even across multiple physical devices.

Unfortunately, as with anything powerful, to get the most out of LVM you first have to negotiate a learning curve. From the feedback we've been getting it seems that confusion regarding LVM is  common with new users, so here's a quick "crash course"...