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Extending an LVM volume: Physical volumes (partitions) -> Volume groups -> Logical volume -> Filesystem
Logical Volume Management (AKA LVM) is a powerful, robust mechanism for managing storage space.
In TurnKey 11, instead of installing the root filesystem directly to a fixed size partition, we setup LVM by default, and install the root filesystem to a Logical Volume, which may later be expanded, even across multiple physical devices.
Unfortunately, as with anything powerful, to get the most out of LVM you first have to negotiate a learning curve. From the feedback we've been getting it seems that confusion regarding LVM is common with new users, so here's a quick "crash course"...
How LVM works
In LVM, there are several layers, each builds on top of the other:
PV[s] (Physical Volumes) -> VG[s] (Volume Groups) -> LV[s] (Logical Volumes) -> Filesystems.
Logical Volumes are allocated/extended within the boundaries of their underlying storage pool which is called a Volume Group in LVM terminology.
For example, in TurnKey the filesystem is installed by default to the /dev/turnkey/root Logical Volume, which is allocated within the turnkey Volume Group:
--- Logical volume --- LV Name /dev/turnkey/root VG Name turnkey LV UUID OzX3fe-aRQa-81XM-0vCV-8aJo-eUL4-6J90XJ LV Write Access read/write LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 17.0 GiB Current LE 4502 Segments 2 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 251:0
Out of the box the turnkey Volume Group doesn't have too much free space:
# vgdisplay --- Volume group --- VG Name turnkey System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 3 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 2 Open LV 2 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 18.14 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 4645 Alloc PE / Size 4480 / 17.50 GiB Free PE / Size 165 / 660.00 MiB VG UUID IwaFL0-QCi8-iIUE-TWjQ-R906-PYpH-gMPaH9
We can only extend a Logical Volume within the free space of the underlying Volume Group. How much free space we currently have within the Volume Group can be seen in this part of the output:
Free PE / Size 165 / 660.00 MiB
In the above example we only have 660 MB to allocate to LVMs within the turnkey Volume Group. So if we want to extend the root LV we'll have to first extend the VG backs it up.
Volume Groups group together Physical Volumes. That's why they're called Volume Groups. This command will show us which Physical Volumes have been registered into LVM, and to which volume groups they have been assigned:
# pvdisplay --- Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sda2 VG Name turnkey PV Size 18.15 GiB / not usable 4.00 MiB Allocatable yes PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 4645 Free PE 165 Allocated PE 4480 PV UUID H1Prpv-0VXR-7moE-zsbt-eyVt-m0fQ-GkAT6w
In this example we only have one Physical Volume (the /dev/sda2 partition) in the turnkey Volume Group.
Extending a Logical Volume
Bottom line: if the underlying Volume Group doesn't have enough free space, to extend the Logical Volume you'll first have to extend the underlying Volume Group by adding another Physical Volume to it.
In VMWare you could either create a new virtual hard disk device to add to the volume group, or extend an existing virtual hard disk device, create a new partition with cfdisk, and add the new partition to the Volume Group:
# example #1: you've added to VMWare a new virtual hard disk called /dev/sdb pvcreate /dev/sdb vgextend turnkey /dev/sdb # example #2: you've expanded the existing sda hard disk cfdisk /dev/sda # creating /dev/sda3 (you may need to reboot before you can see this) pvcreate /dev/sda3 vgextend turnkey /dev/sda3
After you've extended the Volume Group, you are free to extend the underlying Logical Volume:
# lvextend -L+10G /dev/turnkey/root Extending logical volume root to 27.0 GiB Logical volume root successfully resized
Finally, you'll have to resize the filesystem within /dev/turnkey/root so it can see that the underlying block device just got 10G bigger:
# resize2fs /dev/turnkey/root resize2fs 1.41.11 (14-Mar-2010) Filesystem at /dev/turnkey/root is mounted on /; on-line resizing required old desc_blocks = 2, new_desc_blocks = 2 Performing an on-line resize of /dev/turnkey/root to 7077888 (4k) blocks. The filesystem on /dev/turnkey/root is now 7077888 blocks long.
Have you tried using LVM? Still confused? Post a comment to discuss.
Comments
Is it better to mount an additional storage partition?
One of the first things I did with my TKL lamp server was increase the size of the root partition but in hindsight I've wondered if it would be better to leave it's size alone and mount an additional storage partition. Of course you can still use LVM to increase the second storage partition as needed.
It seems that would be a simpler method to manage storage and that method should work as well whether I am running the server in VMware or in Amazon EC2. It also seems like the separation of large data from the TKL appliance would inherently make it simpler to swap TKL appliances if needed.
More importantly, I'm wondering if there are any issues with the way Amazon instances and storage space are handled that would make either extending root partition or mounting an additional partition a more sensible approach for adding storage space. I haven't used Amazon's EC2 yet so I don't have any hands-on experience but my impression is that it would be simpler to keep the root partition as standard as possible and just mount additional storage partitions as needed.
Anyone have any insight they'd like to share?
Advanced configurations can be better, but are also more complex
If you install from the ISO the di-live installer allows you to setup a more advanced configuration if you want. TurnKey is Ubuntu under the hood so any partitioning scheme you would use for Ubuntu would also work with TurnKey. You may have to do some reconfiguring though (e.g., creating new logical volumes, moving data over, configuring mount points in fstab, etc.)
Regarding Amazon EC2, it lets you do exactly what you want via EBS (Elastic Block Store), which are high-speed SAN backed virtual storage devices that can be created and attached to an EC2 server instance on the fly. The Hub makes it very easy to use this functionality. You should try it.
Thanks. I agree that having
Thanks. I agree that having one partition for TurnKey makes the most sense as a default.
I'll definitely get around to trying EC2 so I can get a feel for things. I especially need to figure out how easy it is to add space to the EC2 instance's root partition.
0% available
Hi,
I know this is an old post but I inherited Turnkey and root is out if disk space and mysql will not load. I followed your article and it worked: but still 0% available, I think I am overlooking something simple. Any ideas? Thanks.
root@aserver~# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/turnkey-root
22G 21G 0 100% /
none 120M 184K 120M 1% /dev
none 123M 0 123M 0% /dev/shm
none 123M 56K 123M 1% /var/run
none 123M 0 123M 0% /var/lock
none 123M 0 123M 0% /lib/init/rw
/dev/sda1 473M 437M 12M 98% /boot
>
root@aserver ~# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes
4 heads, 32 sectors/track, 819200 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 128 * 512 = 65536 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000339d8
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 7813 500000 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 7825 305168 19030016 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 305169 573440 17169408 83 Linux
/dev/sda4 573441 819200 15728640 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table
root@aserver ~# ls /dev/sd*
/dev/sda /dev/sda1 /dev/sda2 /dev/sda3 /dev/sda4 /dev/sdb
root@aserver ~# pvcreate /dev/sda4
Physical volume "/dev/sda4" successfully created
root@aserver ~# vgextend turnkey /dev/sda4
Volume group "turnkey" successfully extended
root@aserver ~# lvextend -L+15 /dev/turnkey/root
Extending logical volume root to 37.02 GiB
Logical volume root successfully resized
root@aserver ~# resize
resize2fs resizecons
root@aserver ~# resize2fs /dev/turnkey/root
resize2fs 1.41.11 (14-Mar-2010)
Filesystem at /dev/turnkey/root is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old desc_blocks = 2, new_desc_blocks = 2
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/turnkey/root to 5771264 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/turnkey/root is now 5771264 blocks long.
>
root@aserver~# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name turnkey
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 4
Metadata Sequence No 15
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 3
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 4
Act PV 4
VG Size 57.51 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 14722
Alloc PE / Size 10116 / 39.52 GiB
Free PE / Size 4606 / 17.99 GiB
VG UUID xDapZk-53wD-mIKE-5OZQ-zd3M-EggS-enn5xC
Simplest would be ...
I would make a new App with the space you need somewhere, then migrate the old data in with TKLBAM.
You need to assign the API key to both.
Extending the Filesystem I did do once but forgot now how.
Easiest way to make a bigger install is to install from ISO then determine your HD/RAM and other sizes at start up.
My experience anyway.
Easy Fixed
Noticed there was another sda3 that was never extended. I extended it and resized. Wiki is back up and running.
#>lvextend -L +17.99G /dev/turnkey/root
Rounding up size to full physical extent 17.99 GiB
Extending logical volume root to 40.01 GiB
Logical volume root successfully resizedresize2fs /dev/turnkey/root
resize2fs 1.41.11 (14-Mar-2010)
Filesystem at /dev/turnkey/root is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old desc_blocks = 2, new_desc_blocks = 3
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/turnkey/root to 10487808 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/turnkey/root is now 10487808 blocks long.
root@aserver ~# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/turnkey-root
40G 21G 17G 56% /
none 120M 184K 120M 1% /dev
none 123M 0 123M 0% /dev/shm
none 123M 56K 123M 1% /var/run
none 123M 0 123M 0% /var/lock
none 123M 0 123M 0% /lib/init/rw
/dev/sda1 473M 437M 12M 98% /boot
Excellent blog post Liraz
I don't have immediate need for this info and have only just given it a quick scan (rather than a proper read) but appreciate it never the less. I will get back to this and have a good read as LVM is a bit of a mystery to me (I get the basic idea but it still seems a bit esoteric). I'm sure that many others will really appreciate it too.
Nice clarification
Thank you for the clarification. Much clearer now. Any potential of there being a webmin mod for this?
There already is...
There already is, and it's pre-installed in all TurnKey appliances v11+.
IIRC, log into webmin -> Hardware ->LVM
Fantastic!
Thanks so much for this Liraz! It worked a treat! Very easy to figure out due to your very simple and clear instructions =D
Lets elaborate on the IIRC Webmin Mod...
Last week I extended my Physical Volume in VMWare but ran into the block of not being able to expand the LVM. I missed the "middle part" about Volume Groups. I will study and Test. The Webmin module sounds good (for newbs like me).
Expanding the physical volume itself was pretty easy in VMware (use the Thin format), but unlike in windows, VMWare does not have an easy way to work with Linux Partitions after that - at least that I could find. The methodologies above will be more than helpful.
Partitioning in linux
Are you using TKL
TKL uses LVM by default, so this is very relevant for TKL users. If you are looking for more general Ubuntu partitioning info then you would probably want to have a look at this and this.
reboot not necessary !
Do you not have partprobe on your system?
Read man page.
You need parted istalled,
You need parted istalled, which, for some reason, is not included in the core turnkey setup.
Just what I needed...
This is great, thanks!
Loving TKL!
Jason
Just tested this myself and it worked like a charm!
Yay! :)
Whose idea was it to auto-subject? <.< >.>
I'm using tkFileServer and I used example #2.
I'm still pretty newb-ish with Linux, but, this helped me gain a better understanding of how LVM works.
I have 3 Windows 7 computers to back up: one gaming rig, one DAW, and a VMware server host; and 18~ GB is hardly enough space for one initial backup, much less three.
Thanks Liraz!
Transferring lvm volume to sda
Is there any way to transfer an lvm volume (ext4-formatted, i.e.) to a physical drive partition?
AFAIK the same way you'd transfer any partition to another...
So any sort of copying mechanism eg dd, rsync, etc. But probably easiest of all would be to do a TKLBAM backup of your appliance and do a clean install as you desire (no LVM if that's what you want) and restore the data in. Personally I'd test your backup before you destroy the current machine though, just in case something isn't quite right.
Out of interest why would you want to do that anyway? LVM takes a bit of getting used to but IMO it's way cool!
No luck with "dd", no need for "rsync", no need for TKLBAM, :-(
Thank you, Jeremy.
I was trying "dd" with not very much luck (you know, 20G could be very much data to do a dirty test). I don't have a TKLBAM account.
TK is a great appliance, but I found some compatibility issues with Eucalyptus. First (but not only) is the partitioning of the disk. Eucalyptus is expecting /dev/sda1 while TKL is giving /dev/mapper/turnkey-root as the root filesystem. In general, KVM support for TKL would be a great feature, I think.
Thank your very much again for your time.
Regards,
Roberto.
I have no experience with Eucalyptus
But I have heard some good things about it. I personally use ProxmoxVE and find it really good. TKL installs to KVM no worries (from ISO) and I have also converted lots of images to run under OVZ (PVE has both). Theoretically the TKL VM images should be able to be imported into KVM but I have only played with it once and dind't have any joy (I didn't try real hard because it's pretty quick and easy to install from ISO). But I agree a KVM image that could be easily imprted would be a plus.
dd is pretty slow but I have successfully dd'd up to 250GB images over a network (SHH) successfully on a number of occasions. That's how I migrated my physical Win2K3 server to a KVM VM. I just used a live CD and dd'd the HDD to a .raw image and KVM picked that up fine. But as I say that was with PVE not Eucalyptus so obviously YMMV.
We're going to publish images
We're going to publish images optimized for Eucalyptus soon. It would be great to get your feedback on that when it comes out. We'll post an update about it on the blog.
Eucalyptus issues and full support to KVM
Well, I'm not very experienced with Eucalyptus or KVM, but I've seen two many issues related to the "Community" version of Eucalyptus not seen in "Enterprise", too bad.
I'm very tempted to drop Eucalyptus in favor of any other virtualization platform (OpenStack, i.e.) or oVirt, when fully available. I don't use OpenVZ, so I see a great issue in using ISO instead of full installed templates like TKL, but it seems to be the only chance by now.
When I talk about KVM support, I am thinking of virtio drivers preinstalled and an XML file, what would be absolutelly amazing to spread TKL for LIBVIRT/KVM users.
ProxmoxVE seems impressive and very straightforward! It's great, but I'm thinking of an EC2 compatible API without loosing optimizations in every VM format. Eucalyptus is not the right option, since it seems centered in GNU/Linux images under Xen, no way of having Windows if you don't have Enterprise Edition.
Thanks.
Must admit that I've never installed drivers in TKL
I run TKL vanilla under KVM (on PVE) and my (anecdotal) experience has been that it seems close to bare metal performance - OVZ performance is even better (although perhaps with VirtIO drivers KVM would be equivalent?) Win is another story though! Without VirtIO drivers disk I/O can be noticably sluggish, especially under load. I haven't noticed much difference with the networking drivers though.
I understand the desire for EC2 compatability. I think OpenStack is probably the future in that regard but i guess time will tell. OTOH via the Hub using a TKLBAM backup I can migrate from KVM/OVZ/VirtualBox/bare metal to an AWS instance very easily (the Hub supports auto restore of a backup to EC2).
Anyway, good luck with your search and let us know if you find something good! :)
http://xenonhid4u.co.uk/
Thanks for this great and interesting article. I really enjoyed the article. It's really useful and informative for me.
LVM
Worked like a charm!
Thanks for the small bites of info for a first time LVM-er.
Thank you so much!
Only one suggestion: put a 'donate' link on this page so that I can buy you a beer. Thank you, worked perfectly!!
LVM (LOGICAL VOLUME MANAGER)
Looks good
Thanks for sharing....
You can get much more information from the below url,
http://www.digitalinux.com/2010/11/lvm-logical-volume-manager.html
It worked for me. Look like a
It worked for me. Look like a miracle! Thank so much.
pvcreate on unpartitioned hard disk
Hi! Thank you for the post! One question: Can I use pvcreate /dev/sdX on a unpartitioned hard disk or do I need to have some partition on it before running the command?
Thanks again!
You can use pvcreate on an unpartitioned disk
You can use pvcreate on an unpartitioned disk without any problem. In fact, that is what example #1 shows in the post. "pvcreate /dev/sdb"
Out of inodes
Hi
My problem is a little bit different - I am out of iNodes on my turnkey LVM...
What is my best cours of action ?
Any pointer appreciated
I just had a quick google
And from what I gather, it seems that the best course of action is to reformat and specify the number of inodes.
Have a read of these links for starters (although there may be betters one, they're just what came up via google):
http://serverfault.com/questions/111857/linux-help-im-running-out-of-inodes
http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/linux-general-1/inode-lvm-and-in...
http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/linux-newbie-8/running-out-of-in...
Top stuff but problematic?
Or is it just me ;)
I appreciate the conveniance of an LVM configuration but I've hit a few problems 'in production', normally in an abnormal power loss situation. As the OS detacts a 'IO failure' (reported by mount when attempting to resuce the drive), the machine doesn't boot. Someone needs to go in and reactive LVM and run a fsck before it'll boot. None of the LVM tools are available in a failed boot state so it becomes necessary to boot using another image or something.
I'm open to suggestions on a easy fix!
...fixed?
...been doing some research and I think a it just requires navigating through the grub rescue console as the LVM binaries are in the initrd image :) Haven't tested but a variation of the below:
And so on. Fingers crossed, I'll try that next time!
- spaceyjase
Thanks
It was very easy to follow your steps , Thanks a Lot
thanks !
this (and the fact you decided for LVM) literally saved my life when i created a VirtualBox fixed drive and it showed too small later ...
i tried adding the -r option to lvextend. it came with some interesting warning about damaging my system, so i said no, but resize2fs was ran for me anyway :)
Many thanks!!!
Great step-by-step tutorial.
Many thanks.
regarding lvextend
lvextend -l +2047 /dev/vgone/lv_usetest
What does +2047 stand for i know it is for 8gb how do we calculate.
lvm + encryption
Hello,
Is there any way to support lvm+encryption for truecrypt installation? This could be particularly usefull when administrator of different vms have access to the host (the hypervisor) in order to backup, restart (whatever) their own virtual appliance. If each vm is encrypted, an admin of a virtual will not be able to read and understand the content of another.
Is definitely possible
But it is not supportted OOTB so you'd need to configure this manually on each guest (although perhaps you could script it to somewhat automate the process).
My suggestion would be to have a look at ProxmoxVE. It allows the configuring of users and groups which each can have certain levels of control/access on a per vm, or per host/node basis. It also allows TKL (and other Linux distros) to run under OVZ (which gives you 97-99% performance of bare metal) or KVM (which supports Windows and other OS).
Great post!
Great post. Worked like a charm for me. I used to increase lvm partition on a Red Hat Virtualization VM.
Thank you.
Great Tutorial
This made it a lot easier on me to extend my storage.
Superb post
This just saved my bacon somewhat - thanks for an excellent post.
Hero
Thank you so much this was exactly the problem i had. solved!
Can't expand LVM to make a filesystem
Hi
I might have misunderstood something here, but I will try and ask my question anyway, as it seems to be a great place for knowlegde about LVM.
Long story short:
I messed up an upgrade of my ReadyNAS Duo from netgear. It runs on linux and stupid me made a normal apt-get upgrade as I often do on my Ubuntu.
After the upgrade I couldn't get in contact with my serve/disk (with all my pics, music and movies). I took the disk and put it into an usb-dockingstation to see what was wrong.
The disk (1TB) should at least have 250 GB free but I get something completly different when I test it with different commands
P.S.
Can I by the way use gparted to shrink the LVM partion?
As I said there should at least still be 250 GB free on the disk.
Possible solution
You might want to take a look at this:
http://www.readynas.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=11&t=35153
I've recovered 100% of files from a couple of borked readynas systems using that methodology.
Hope it helps!
The link you gave me looked
Re: ReadyNAS Data Recovery - VMware recovery tool
it finds your drive straight away and allows you to copy off all your data! Hope this helps.
Cheers
Excuse me if I missed something...
But why not just mount your LV and then copy out the files?
Something like this should work:
Then all your files should be somewhere in /mnt (I have no idea what subfolder - it depends on where ReadyNAS stores stuff).
You didn't miss anything
It's me who might not have been given all relavant info about my drive.
I have tried to mount the drive in any possible way.
Often I got a mesage about bad superblocks and I would try and restore the superblock with the backup superblocks, but that never worked.
Sometimes I got other messages (something about zero-lenght partitions, invalid filesystem and so on) and I could nevet get past those.
Maybe if I have had somebody who would know a lot more about this than me (and that shouldn't be hard to find), but I really tried A LOT of things.
Then I came to this page and the rest is history...
Martin :-)
Ahh ok
That's a whole other issue then. My advice to start with would be to take an image of the drive before doing anything. Ideally I like to image to a same or larger size drive. dd is the go, or ddrescue if there are hardware or data corruption issues.
Otherwise I'm not much help. I had a HDD fail on me some time ago and I managed to recover some of the data (about a quarter) by writing a new super block, but I don't recall how I did it... Sorry...
Glad it got you on the right
Glad it got you on the right track!
Nice article and lvextend options
Nice article -
Two helpful things I want to add which I found out during my lvm "studies" as well
The PE's are really nice (from vgdisplay command) and give you some very fine tuned control if you want it. For example if you want to make sure to use all of the free space available, specifying a number such as "1G" or "10G" may not do it.
From one of the vgdisplay command you have
The PE size is 4mb, and there are 165 free PEs (660mb)
For lvextend you can use
lvextend -l +165 [lvname]
With no units by default it's the # PE
Another helpful shortcut to use all space available
lvextend -l +100%FREE
Thanks!
p.s.http://geekswing.com/geek/unix/extending-a-linux-disk-with-lvm-extending-root-partition/
Each disk for each user
How i CAN USe each partition for each user turnkey file server ? or better say each disk for example 1 tera byte for each user? thanks
I have no idea
But I'm sure if you search on google you'll find plenty of info. Keep in mind that TKL v12.x is based on Debian Squeeze and I'm sure you'll find something. Hint: I think you are after user quotas using LVM
Each disk for each user
Thanks Jeremy, I will search on google about that information. My plan is use around 8 disk (usb disk) of 1 tera, and then use that 8 disk connect in RAID mode, mode mirror (2 disk mirrored=1 tera for 4 users), and I think turnkey is very powerfull tool for that aplication.
muy question is, you can do this with turnkey? (http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/RAID_100.svg), and then make quotas using LVM?
thanks a lot
Brian
AFAIK theoretically
But I've never done it... I think mdam is the one to use for software RAID.
The only thing is that I'm not sure if LVM would really be relevant then... AFAIK the way that quotas work is that they use separate partitions...
LVM usage
I tried using the webmin lvm tool, but then I read your post. Your explanation was the best I've seen yet. I followed and everything worked like a charm. I did have to reboot as you said might happen. Also note, 1. issuing resize2fs may take several minutes 2. for me webmin disk usage side bar shows the original free space now consumed - odd but no big deal.
Thanks for the post.
Thank You!!!
Thank you so much, man. I've been banging my head against the wall trying to figure this our and this resolved it perfectly within 5 minutes.
LVM IT AWESOME REAL
This kind of the file system is very amaizing and from now on will be using this kind of file system into my system.....
Thank you
This was exactly what I needed. Thank you for the detailed post!
What I needed after 2 1/2 days of frustration
I wasn't trying to do anything with Turnkey but rather was trying to extend a VirtualBox partition. The information on LVM was just what was needed for this Linux newbie. Thank you!
Thank you
Thank you for this post!
Thank You a million times!!
I had kept aside a good chunk of my hard disk for installing other linux distros. But then was in immediate need of some space to my current home lv. I was worried that I might screw up (As I have the habit of doing so :P) trying to expand my vg. Plus I am new to lvm. I found your article bookmarked it and kept it aside for sometime till now when I really had to do something about the space requirement. But when I went through your article the flow became clear and even cleared many of the doubts I had regarding lvm.
Thanks for writting things so clearly and making my life easier. :)
Thank you!!!
Been scratching my head with this one.
So read up on LVM. executed the steps and eureka!
Expanded my Turnkey Vmware Owncloud from 30gb to 100gb
Regards
Terence
Can't grow storage with gparted, cfdisk, pvcreate,...
I need to grow my storage space. I've usually started with something like VBoxManage.exe modifyhd linuxturnkeylamp.vdi --resize 30000, followed by lots of steps from various tutorials. I've tried resizing things with GParted, and have screenshot below after too many changes. I've tried cfdisk, but none of these instructions include which settings/options to select and I get errors surrounding partioning tables not setup or invalid settings. I've tried pvcreate but get a different error or overwrite warning per sda#. I've tried creating a new VHD using VirtualBox but still none of them show up afterwards for extending, using pvdisplay --maps or vgdisplay. You might realize from these tries I'm pretty notice in this area, but am starting to believe it's not just me. Anyone have some ideas or better directions on these commands? If can elaborate of any errors but not even sure which direction to go at this point.
this is a screenshot of slightly earlier states of my debugging
awesome.......i understand
awesome.......i understand how to extend lvm
Expanded with second Hard Drive, now all images and links broken
Thanks for your awesome walkthrough. When our VM filled up the Database service wouldn't even start and we were also super sad. We weren't able to expand the partition, but your walkthrough of adding a second hard drive did work and the Database made the connection sucessfully.
However now all the links we had setup in the WP aren't functioning AND the media catalog doesn't exist anymore. Anything you can suggest to fix those things?
That sounds weird
Do you have a backup you can restore from?
I wish! I have a snapshot of
I wish! I have a snapshot of the VM before I did the expansion that I can roll back to, but during that time the drive was so full that the Database wasn't able to start. Is there a trick to getting around that? I pruned as many logs as I could...
Sorry for slow response...
Anyway, as a general rule, we highly recommend using TKLBAM for backups. WOrst case you could have then restored the data to a new VM (with a bigger root volume) off the bat. Obviously a snapshot would also work. And all of that is moot now anyway...
FWIW log files are usually only pretty small so unlikely cleaning up them will give you enough room. Probably the best way to clear a bit of space is removing the apt cache:
Although obviously how much room that will give you will depend on how much stuff is there (and when/if you've ever run it before).
One really handy tool to see what is taking up all your space (and give you ideas for removal candidates) is ncdu. It's not that big, but obviously it's preferable to install it before lack of space becomes an issue... Install that like this:
Then to look at your whole system, launch it like this: It will show you all the files and directories in / ordered by size.As a general rule, keeping a regular eye on your free space before it becomes a problem is highly recommended. Again probably not much use to you this time, but hopefully might help save headaches next time!? :)
VMWare KB
I followed these instructions and increased the root volume from 20GB to 30GB:
[I was going to paste a link here to the VMware knowledgebase, but the spam filter would not let me]. Sad.
finally got working
checking stack overflow/aks ubuntu and all they kept talking about was lvextend, this article made sense and now I understand and have a few more commands under my belt awesome thanks
vgextend can't go over 2TB?
What version of TurnKey are you using? Is this a VM?
It sounds like you are doing all the right things. A quick google, bought up a similar issue to your on SE: How to create a LVM Partition/physical volume > 2TB.
If this is a VM, then I suggest that you follow the recommendations of the top answer and add a new vHDD with the size that you want. Then, as per the answer, don't partition it at all, just add the whole disk as a PV as is.
If this is a physical hard drive, then rather than adding a new partition, why not try just increasing the size of the existing partition (rather than adding a new one)?
Either way, I urge you to make sure that you have a current working (i.e. tested) backup of your important data before you start. Worst case scenario, you can roll back to where you are now.
Thanks for the prompt reply!
Hmm ok...
I've just had a closer look at my home server because I was sure that I had a VG larger than 2TB. It's not TurnKey, but it is Debian Jessie based (same as TurnKey) so I was hoping it should be the same. Unfortunately, it seems that the version of LVM I have is a little newer, so YMMV.
Unfortunately, the different lvm version means I can't be sure this will work for you (but hopefully it will). It turns out that I do have a VG over 2TB, but only just. FWIW, here's how it looks: And it's just a single disk (3TB on the cover; ~2.7TB in the real world): And it's not partitioned at all: So give that a go, hopefully that will work for you.If that still doesn't work, perhaps one more thing worth trying is to create individual partitions smaller than 2TB and add them all to the same VG. TBH, I'm not sure it will work, but hopefully...
Works fine with a single drive
I don't have LVM partition and the volume group
Doesn't look like you are using LVM
If you installed TurnKey from ISO, then LVM is optional. IIRC the default option in v14.0 was no LVM. I don't recall if it was v14.1 or v14.2 when we changed it to be the default.
Thank you
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